Learn about the different parts of the brain and their functions. Explore the brain and its functions through our interactive brain model videos. Learn about the cerebellum, parietal lobe, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe and brain stem.

  • Cerebellum
    Located in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the brain stem, the cerebellum is considered the second largest area of the brain. The cerebellum is responsible for controlling fine motor activity and movement, such as the fine movement of fingers while painting a picture. It also controls muscle tone and limb positioning. By doing so, the cerebellum helps to maintain posture, balance, and equilibrium.
  • Brain Stem
    The brain stem connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord and is located in the bottom-most portion of the brain. There are three structures that make up the brain stem: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. The brain stem is where 10 of the 12 cranial nerves begin and is responsible for such functions as hearing, muscle movements of the eyes, mouth, face, neck, and shoulders. It is also an important relay station for heart function, breathing, swallowing, and consciousness.
  • Occipital Lobe
    The back part of the brain is where you can find the occipital lobes. The occipital lobes are important for receiving and processing visual information. When you are viewing words or pictures on a page or even processing colors and shapes, your occipital lobes are hard at work. The left occipital lobe interprets right visual space signals, while the right occipital lobe interprets left visual space signals.
  • Parietal Lobe
    Located in the middle part of the brain, the parietal lobes receive signals from other areas of the brain about temperature, taste, touch, pain, movement and memory. Other functions of the parietal lobes include arithmetic and reading.
  • Frontal Lobe
    The frontal lobes are located in the front of the head (directly behind the forehead) and are considered the largest of the four lobes. The frontal lobes are responsible for a variety of functions. These functions include personality characteristics, smell recognition, speech, intellectual and behavorial functioning, memory, concentration, as well as voluntary movement.
  • Temporal Lobe
    The temporal lobes can be found at about ear level on each side of the brain. These lobes play an important role in the formation and retrieval of memories, especially those connected to music. Integration of memories such as visual memory through facial recognition as well as verbal memory through remembering and understanding language, are also functions of the temporal lobes.

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INDICATIONS

GLIADEL Wafer (carmustine implant) is indicated for the treatment of patients with newly-diagnosed high-grade glioma as an adjunct to surgery and radiation.

GLIADEL Wafer is also indicated in patients with recurrent glioblastoma as an adjunct to surgery.

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

You should not be given GLIADEL Wafer if you are allergic to carmustine or any of the components of GLIADEL Wafer.

If you are undergoing surgery and implantation of GLIADEL Wafer, you should be monitored closely for known complications, including convulsions, infections, abnormal wound healing, and swelling of the brain.

If you are pregnant or are planning to become pregnant, you should understand that carmustine, the active component of GLIADEL Wafer, can cause harm to the fetus if given to a pregnant woman. It is not known if either carmustine, or other components of GLIADEL Wafer are excreted in human milk. Many drugs are excreted in human milk and there is a risk for serious side effects from carmustine in nursing infants; therefore discontinuation of nursing is recommended if you will be receiving GLIADEL Wafer.

It is possible that if GLIADEL Wafers are not implanted properly, they could block the flow of cerebrospinal fluid and might cause abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain (obstructive hydrocephalus).

The short-term and long-term safety of GLIADEL Wafer when given together with chemotherapy is not fully known.

Following surgery to remove a brain tumor and implantation of GLIADEL Wafer, the following side effects have been reported in clinical studies:

Seizures (convulsions): In clinical studies, seizures have occurred within days or several weeks following implantation of GLIADEL Wafer. Both new seizures and worsening of seizures have been reported.

Brain Swelling: Brain swelling has occurred in clinical studies. In some cases, brain swelling may require another surgery, and removal of GLIADEL Wafers or remnants of the wafers may be required.

Abnormal wound healing: In clinical studies, abnormal healing of the surgical wound has occurred following implantation of GLIADEL Wafer. These abnormalities included reopening of the surgical area, leaking of brain or spinal fluid, delays in healing, or other abnormalities in how the wound heals.

Brain Infections: In clinical studies, brain infections, including meningitis, have occurred following implantation of GLIADEL Wafer.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

The most common adverse reactions in newly-diagnosed high-grade glioma patients are cerebral edema, asthenia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, wound healing abnormalities and depression.

The most common adverse reactions in recurrent high-grade glioma patients are urinary tract infection, wound healing abnormalities and fever.

The Important Safety Information does not include all the information needed to use GLIADEL safely and effectively. For additional safety information, please consult the full Prescribing Information for GLIADEL.

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Azurity Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at 1-800-461-7449 or FDA at www.fda.gov/medwatch or call 1-800-FDA-1088.